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* * * LAS VEGAS CRAPS * * * Tedeschi Software>>> 4506 Osceola St. Denver CO 80212 (303) 477-5223 I N S T R U C T I O N M A N U A L F E A T U R E S o Full-featured simulation of an actual craps table including all bets normally offered in a Las Vegas Casino. o Allows player(s) to select specific attributes of the craps table such as minimum bet, free odds multiple, and player stakes. o A sophisticated HELP utility featuring a probabilities screen and "Craps Assistant" which offers betting tips based on the history of numbers previously rolled. o A full-featured "Strategy" editor which allows you to create betting strategies, save them to disk, and automatically play the strategies (up to 9999 rolls) under complete computer control. o Fast and friendly reporting of game dynamics such as comeout status, point, and last number rolled. o Complete information about a particular bet, i.e. On/Off status, maximum odds bet, bet amount, and corresponding payoff amount. o General bet type information, i.e. pay odds, winner numbers, loser numbers, house edge, and bet quality. o Full implementation of the following bets: Pass Line, Odds on Pass Line, Come Bets, Odds on Come Bets, Don't Pass Line, Odds on Don't Pass Line, Don't Come Bets, Odds on Don't Come Bets, Field Bets, Place Bets, Buy Bets, Big 6 and Big 8 Bets, Any Seven, Hard Ways, Yo, Lo, Hi, Joe, Any Craps, Craps & Eleven and the Horn Bet. o Full graphics representation of all players' chips, dynamically updated. o Animated, rolling dice with numbers generated by a 48-bit random number generator, continuously seeded by the number of microseconds passed since power-up. This guarantees the true randomness of numbers. o An animated dealer stick which moves players' bet markers toward their chip rack when winning bets and removes markers when losing. o Game play authenticated by experts. o Digitized sound and speech. o For any 512k Amiga. One to four players. Operates on AmigaDos 1.2 or greater...multitasks and runs on RAM-expanded machines. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- L A S V E G A S C R A P S by Arthur Tedeschi CONTENTS About "Las Vegas Craps" 3 Setting Up 3 Tutorial for Craps Beginners 4 Tutorial for Advanced Players 9 Strategies and Auto-Play 13 Rules of Play 17 About "Las Vegas Craps" The inspiration for this game simulation is the result of this author's enjoyment of the game of craps. Of all the casino games available, craps is probably the most dynamic and action-packed, yet is probably the most neglected among casino games written for the home computer. This game was written with the following goals in mind: 1) To provide as realistic a simulation as possible to tutor the beginner in this excellent game. 2) To place a powerful tool in the hands of an experienced player in which a particular strategy may be tested before laying down real cash on a real craps table. 3) To educate current and potential players of craps on the finer points of the game and hopefully prevent them from making poorly thought out bets. 4) To allow several "customizable" options in which players may closely simulate the actual play in a real casino. 5) To provide a simple, yet elegant user interface. Setting Up Loading the Game... Las Vegas Craps may be loaded from either Workbench or from the CLI/Shell. If the program is installed on a Workbench disk (the other files which appear on the program disk must appear in the same directory as the game program), simply double-click over the game icon. The game will load automatically. If loading from the CLI, simply type at the CLI prompt "Craps". The game will then load itself into your computer. From the Main Requester... When the game is fully loaded, the Main Requester will appear and wait for you to enter vital set-up information. At the left of the requester are the players' names boxes. Click into the string gadget boxes and type in the names of the players (1 - 4 players may play). If only one person will be playing, enter it at player one's box (and leave the others blank). If two are playing, fill in boxes 1 and 2..etc. Utilize the backspace and del key in order to edit your entries. Further down the requester, you'll find the box in which to enter the players' "Stakes",or the total cash available to each player during the game. Simply click in the dollar amount. (It is suggested that beginners start with a reasonable amount ($200 - $500) in order to get a good feel for the game before betting big.) At the top right is the MinBet gadget. Enter your desired minimum bet for that table. Typical amounts range from $1 - $10 (depending on the casino). The arrow gadget below is the "Free Odds" gadget. Simply click the "up" arrow to increase the free odds multiple or click the "down" arrow to reduce it. The range is from 1 through 10 (the number is shown to the right of the arrow. Typically, when the gambling economy is good in Vegas, the multiple hovers around 1x - 3x. When finished, click over the "Play" gadget. If any mistakes were made, a "House Message" will inform you of your error and allow you to re- input before beginning the game. Tutorial for Craps Beginners The tutorial is placed at this point in the manual so that you may begin enjoying the game immediately. Beginners and experienced players should follow through the Beginner's Tutorial at this time. Beginners should then read the "Rules of Play" section further in the manual to become better acquainted with the rules of the game. Advanced players may wish to skip the "Rules of Play" section and move directly to the "Tutorial for Advanced Players" in the next section. Part 1: Main Requester * Click the mouse pointer in the Player 1 box and type your name. Click the mouse pointer in the Player 2 box and enter any other name. * Click into the stakes box and type "200". * Click into the MinBet box and type "2". * Click over the Play gadget. If you've made no errors,the Requester will have vanished and reveal- ed the entire craps table. If your computer is equipped with an audio monitor with the volume set at normal level, the table dealer will chant his typical "Coming Out, Coming Out, Bet On Craps." Note: The audio generator, after the initial comeout chant, will default to OFF. At this point, or at any other point during the game, you may enable the dealer's speech by accessing the pull-down menu "Voice" and setting it to the "ON" position. Part 2: The Main Screen Let's take a minute to look over the screen. From bottom to top: The Player Stats area is at the very bottom of the screen. Each play- er has a dedicated area which indicates the player's name (or chip rack if the player is the current bettor),a box to indicate total winnings, a box for total disposable cash, and a box for total bets out. Directly above the Players' Stats area are the Bet Control Gadgets. These are the row of green and red rectangles which line the bottom frame of the craps table. Above these gadgets is the craps table itself. You've probably already noticed that the left half of the table is identical to the right half. This is done so that players may stand relatively near their bets, and the dealers have a close access to both the players and their bets. On this table, Players 1 and 2 must place their bets on the left side of the table and Players 3 and 4 on the right. The bet area at the center is common to all four players. At the top-center of the table is the Roll gadget (the large red dice). Only click on this gadget after all players have placed their desired bets. At the very top of the screen is the Menu Bar Message. Here you will find various bits of useful information regarding the current shooter, reminders of set-up parameters, and all sorts of bet information. Part 3: Selecting the Current Bettor Before we actually place a bet, we must determine the current bettor. * Click over Player 2's name box. You should have noticed that Player 2's chip rack is now visible (and the name has disappeared). Player 2 is now the current bettor, and the mouse pointer will change to red (Player 2's color). * Now click over Player 1's name box. Player 1's chip rack is now visible and Player 1 is the current bettor (and the mouse pointer will change back to white, Player 1's color). Note: At the beginning of the game and after every roll, the current bettor will default to Player 1. Part 4: Reading the Menu Bar Message The current menu bar message indicates the game status. The Shooter is the player who will be rolling the dice on the next roll. (Should indicate Player 1's name.) The RollType indicates the game status, either COMEOUT or PASS. More about this later. (Should indicate COMEOUT at this time.) Pt is the point number. Again, more about this later. (Should indicate "0" at this time.) Next is Num, or the previous number rolled (the sum of the two dice). This should be "0". After that is MinBet, or the minimum bet chosen at time of set-up. (Should be $2.) Lastly, we have Free, or the Free Odds multiple chosen at time of set-up. (Should be "X1".) More about this later. Part 5: Selecting A Bet We will now select a bet. Near the left-center of the table, locate the bet named "FIELD". * Make certain that Player 1 is the current bettor, and click over the "FIELD" bet. You have now selected the "FIELD" bet. The bet should now be highlighted. Before we actually place a bet on the "FIELD", let's explore the Menu Bar information. Note that the Menu Bar Message has now changed...by both color and information offered: The BetName is simply the name of the bet. This should indicate "Field". The Odds indicate the ratio at which the casino will pay on your bet. Example: If the odds were 2 to 1, the house would pay you $2 on a bet of $1. If the odds were 3 to 2, the house would pay you $3 on a $2 bet...but on a $3 bet the house would only pay $4. In other words, the house will not pay off in change, only even dollars. You must always be aware of this when placing a bet in order to glean your entire advantage. Example: A bet with odds of 6 to 5 will pay $12 on a $10 bet but will only pay $10 on a $9 bet. Bet carefully. The casino already has the advantage on most bets...you don't need to give them another. (You should notice that the "FIELD" bet pays at 1 to 1 odds. In this instance, a glance at the bet itself will indicate that a roll of a 2 or 12 will pay triple odds, or 3 to 1.) Bet indicates the total dollars bet. This should be "0" at this time. Pays indicates the payoff amount which the house would pay on that particular bet amount (based on the odds ratio). (This should indicate "0" at this time, since we've not yet placed the bet.) Stat indicates the status of that player's bet. On indicates that the bet is in force on the next roll. Off indicates that the bet will not be in force on the next roll. (Should be "On" at this time.) Let's further explore the information available on the "FIELD" bet: * Click on the "NUMS" Bet Control Gadget on the bottom frame of the table. The Menu Bar Message has changed again. The information posted is now the Winners and Losers, or the numbers which will cause you to win this bet on the next roll or to lose it. (Note: On the "FIELD" bet, 2 or 12 pays triple.) * Now click on the "INFO" Bet Control Gadget. The Menu Bar Message should now indicate some general information about the "FIELD" bet. BetName is simply the name of the bet. House Edge indicates the percentage of "edge" the casino has over you when you place this bet. Be cautious. As this number increases, your chances of winning this bet decrease significantly. And Quality is the author's subjective representation of the quality of this bet. Part 6: Placing Chips on the Bet Now that we've explored the necessary information about the "FIELD" bet and selected it (it should still be highlighted), we must now lay some chips on the bet. The player's chip rack at the top of the Players' Stats area contains the number of chips equivalent to the player's CASH amount indicated below. The white chips are $1, the red $5, the blue are $25, and the black are $100. Once a player has more cash than will fit on the chip rack, the $100 chips above the maximum chip rack capacity will not be shown (but will fill the rack as it becomes depleted). Each time a player places a chip on the table, the game will update the chip rack in order to always give the player the maximum number of lower-value chips available (which equals his CASH amount). * Position the pointer over the red chip area of Player 1's chip rack and click once. You should have noticed that a red $5 chip has been placed on the "FIELD" bet. Check the Menu Bar Message. The Bet amount should now be $5 and the Pay amount value should be $5 (since the odds are 1 to 1). * Click over the $1 chip area of Player 1's chip rack. You should now see a $1 chip atop the original $5 chip. Check the Menu Bar Message and Player 1's Stat area. They should now indicate a $6 bet. Likewise, the blue ($25) and black ($100) chips react in exactly the same manner. Part 7: Aborting and Booking A Bet Aborting a bet simply allows you to remove your chips prior to booking it. * Click on the "ABORT" Bet Control Gadget. You should have noticed that your chips have been removed from the "FIELD" bet, your chip rack has gained them back, and your Stats area indicates that a bet was never made. You can always back out of a bet this way (prior to booking the bet). Booking a bet is simply the act of committing to the bet. * Click over the "FIELD" bet again. * Click over a $5 chip again. * Now click on the "BET" Bet Control Gadget. You have now booked your bet and may go on to place other bets on the table. Please notice that a tiny "x" marker has been placed in the bottom left corner of the "FIELD" bet in your color. This is your indication that you have a bet placed on the "FIELD". Also, check your Stats area. You should note that your CASH is now $195 and your BETS OUT is now $5. Now, let's check your bet. * Click over the "FIELD" bet again. You should notice that your $5 is still there. * Now click over the "ABORT" Bet Control Gadget. You should now note that your marker is still there. The "ABORT" Bet Control Gadget only works on non-booked bets. Like in a real casino, once you've made your bet you must live with it (with just a very few exceptions, which we'll get to later). Part 8: Forbidden Bets There will always be some bets on the table which a player, in a given circumstance, will be unable to make. * Click over the "COME" bet at the left-center of the table. * Now place any chip on that bet. * Now click over the "BET" Bet Control Gadget. Notice that nothing happens. The "BET" Bet Control Gadget has been disabled because it is improper to place a "COME" bet on a COMEOUT roll (more about this later). Only the highlighted Bet Control Gadgets are enabled to your command. * Click over the "ABORT" Bet Control Gadget to remove your chip and return to the bet-selection mode. * Now click over the blank area directly beneath the "PASS LINE" at the left-bottom of the table. Aha, this bet must be allowable since the "BET" Bet Control Gadget is highlighted. Good, but no cigar. This blank area is an "ODDS" bet behind the "PASS LINE". We'll see why you can't place this bet. * Click over any chip area to place a chip on this bet. * Click on the "BET" Bet Control Gadget. A House Message should pop up indicating that an error was made (more about that later). * To clear out, click over the "ABORT" Bet Control Gadget. When this tutorial ends, feel free to explore the bets on the table, but keep in mind that some of them won't be open to a bet. To back out, simply click over the "ABORT" Bet Control Gadget. Part 9: Rolling the Dice Make certain that you're now back to the main bet selection status. (All of the Bet Control Gadgets should be disabled.) Also, check to see that your marker is still on the "FIELD" bet. If that's all set, you're now ready to roll the dice. * Click over the "Roll" gadget located at the top-center portion of the table. You should have seen the dice roll and stop on the right side of the table (Players 1 and 2 roll to the right and Players 3 and 4 roll to the left). The total of the numbers shown on the dice is the number rolled. Also, that number should be reflected at the Nums location of the Menu Bar Message. Also, you should have noticed that the dealer's "stick" came down and either took your "FIELD" marker toward the top of the table (you lost) or pushed it and another square marker down toward your chip rack (you won). The chips dropped indicate either the total chips lost or, upon a win, the total bet plus the payoff. If one of the "FIELD" numbers came up, you won your bet, and your chip rack and Stats area should indicate that fact. Since your bet amount was $5, the house would've paid you $5 in winnings, which should be reflected in your WINNINGS box. You should also have $205 in CASH ($195+ $5 winnings + $5 original bet returned to you), and your BETS OUT box should be back to "0". If a 2 or a 12 came up the casino would've paid you $15 and your Stats should indicate it. Note that your WINNINGS box is only a running indicator of your net winnings throughout the game and has no effect on your CASH, the true indicator of your fiscal condition. Several bettors like to wager based on their winnings, thus the WINNINGS indicator. Unfortunately, if a non-field number came up, your first experience with this game has not been a good one. You lost your bet. The loser numbers would be either 5,6,7, or 8. These four numbers will come up more often than the combination of 2,3,4,9,10,11, or 12,strangely enough (which is why the casino offers the bet). Your Stats area should now indicate -$5 in the WINNINGS box, $195 in the CASH box, and "0" in the BETS OUT box. If the number rolled was a 4,5,6,8,9, or 10, the Menu Bar Message should reflect that number at the Pt location. Also, an "ON" marker should have appeared over the boxes near the top of the table at the number's location (on the left and right of the table). This is the game POINT. More about that later. This doesn't affect the "FIELD" bet, since it's determined by the next number up. Part 10: New Game Since we must reset the game in order to learn the next function, now would be and excellent time to explore the Game menu. * Holding down the right menu button, move the mouse pointer to the top-left of the menu bar at the area marked "Game". While still holding the right button down, note the two items in this menu. New is the menu item which allows you to re-set the game and start over. All information about the previous game will be lost, so be certain to use this function with care. Exit allows you to exit the game and will return you to your original destination, either the Workbench or CLI. Again, use this with care, as it will clear all of your previous game stats. * While holding the right mouse button, release it over the New item in the "Game" menu. Click over "Do It" when asked if you wish to start a new game. If everything went well, you should now be viewing the familiar Main Requester. Though they appear blank, the original entries are still in force. You may, at any time, either modify them or leave them alone. * Click over the "Play" gadget. The requester should've disappeared and returned you to the craps table. The game is now reset and we may begin anew. Part 11: Cash Bets Occasionally, you may wish to bet large amounts of money and clicking on chips may cause them to scroll off of the screen (though the bet amount will still be reflected in the game statistics). During these situations, it may be quicker to make a Cash Bet. * Click over the "PASS LINE" bet near the left bottom of the screen. * Click over the Bet Control Gadget marked "$$$". The Cash Bet Requester should now be in view. * Click into the string gadget of the Requester, erase the "0" and type "5". * Click over the Do It gadget. * Click on the "BET" Bet Control Gadget. Note your marker in the left bottom corner of the "PASS LINE" bet. You can always back out of a Cash Bet by selecting the "ABORT" gadget of the requester. Tutorial for Advanced Players This tutorial assumes that you've played craps and possess adequate knowledge about the rules of the game. It is also assumed you've been through the Tutorial for Craps Beginners, as no attempt will be made to review the lessons in that tutorial. Beginners are advised to now read the Rules of Play at the end of this manual before attempting serious play, though browsing through the bets can cause no harm and is thoroughly encouraged. Part 1: Pass Line Bets If you've just completed the Tutorial for Craps Beginners, you should have a $5 bet on the "PASS LINE". If not, * Select New on the "Game" pull-down menu. * Type your name into the Player 1 box. * Type "200" into the Stakes box. * Type "1" into the MinBet box. * Click over the "Play" gadget. * Select the "PASS LINE" bet in the bottom-left region of the craps table. * Place a $5 (red) chip onto the bet. * Click on the "BET" Bet Control Gadget. Note: In lieu of clicking over the "BET" Bet Control Gadget, you may also click the Right Mouse Button as a shortcut. Now that you've made a $5 "PASS LINE" bet, you may now roll the dice. * Click on the "Roll" gadget. If a Natural number came up, you've won and we now have a new COMEOUT. If a Craps number came up, you've lost and we have another COMEOUT. If a Point number came up, you should've noticed the "ON" markers placed over the point number at both sides of the table. * If the new status is a COMEOUT, continue placing $5 bets and "Roll"'ing the dice until you reach a "PASS" game status with an established point. If you've already established a point, move on to the next section. Part 2: Odds Behind the Pass Line We will now place an "ODDS" bet backing up your $5 "PASS LINE" bet. * Click over the blank area directly below the "PASS LINE". If all went well, you should now see two more lines of information directly below the Menu Bar Message. The top line is the amount you've bet on the "PASS LINE" and the second line indicates the maximum odds bet you can make based on your original bet and the FreeOdds multiple chosen at the beginning of the game. Since "X1" was chosen, you may bet a multiple of one times your "PASS LINE" bet or the minimum amount required to take advan-tage of the natural odds of that Point number. The top line should indicate $5, and the bottom line should indicate $5. If you had chosen "X2" as the odds multiple, the MaxBet would be $10. Please note that the maximum odds bet follows the basic rules of most craps tables. Had your "PASS LINE" bet been $2 with single odds (X1), and a 6 or an 8 had been established as the Point, the house would still allow you to make a $5 bet. * Place a $5 chip on the "ODDS" behind the "PASS LINE". Reading the Menu Bar Message, you should note that had the Point been 6 or 8, the Pay amount should be $6. Had the Point been 5 or 9, the MaxBet should be still be $5, but the Pay amount should be $7. Note that a $4 bet will get you $6. The house only pays odds on even multiples. The correct bet to make is $4, as the extra $1 of the $5 bet will only be paid at even odds. But for the sake illustration, we'll stay with our $5 bet. * Click on the "BET" Bet Control Gadget. Part 3: Pulling Down A Bet Only two bets on the table may be pulled down after "booking" them: The "ODDS" bets and the "PLACE" bets. * Click on the "ODDS" bet behind the "PASS LINE". Your $5 chip should appear. * Click on the "PULL" Bet Control Gadget. * Place four $1 chips on the "ODDS". * Click on the "BET" Bet Control Gadget. Your bet should now reflect $4. You could've easily removed the en- tire amount by "PULL"'ing the bet and clicking the "BET" Bet Control Gadget. The "PULL" Bet Control Gadget can also be used on other bets to "clear" the chips, but never after the bet has been "booked". Part 4: On and OFF The "ON" and "OFF" Bet Control Gadgets allow you to specify "ODDS" and "PLACE" bets to be on or off on the next roll. After that roll, they will fall to the default status. * Click on the "ODDS" bet behind the "PASS LINE". Your four $1 chips should pop up. * Click on the "OFF" Bet Control Gadget. You should not note that the status of the bet in the Menu Bar Message is "OFF". This bet will be inactive on the next roll of the dice. Should the Point number or a 7 be rolled on the next "Roll", your bet will be returned to you. Please note that "PLACE" and "ODDS" bets are automatically OFF on the COMEOUT roll. You can also change the status of OFF bets by turning them ON. * Click on the "ON" Bet Control Gadget and book it. The ON status should now be reflected in the Menu Bar Message, and the bet will be working on the next roll of the dice. Part 5: Come Bets * Place a $5 bet on the "COME" line and book it. * Roll the dice. What we wish to do now is to set up a situation to illustrate an "ODDS" bet behind a "COME" Point bet. If your Roll resulted in either a 7, 11, or a Craps number (2,3,12), then repeat all sequences up to and including your "COME" bet being moved up to a COME point number. You should notice that the marker which was on the "COME" bet is now in the top box of the two boxes directly below the new COME point number. This is your "COME" number bet. We will now place an "ODDS" bet behind that COME number bet. * Click into the small box directly below your COME number bet. You should notice that the two familiar lines of the "ODDS" Menu Bar Message are now displayed. The same rules apply to making a "COME" "ODDS" bet as a "PASS LINE" "ODDS" bet. * Place a $5 chip on this bet and book it. Part 6: The "Don'ts" The "Don't" bets work exactly like the "Do" bets, except you're now betting with the house and against the shooter. To simplify the instructions, I'll only detail the differences here and leave the Rules of Play to explain the intricacies. The "DON'T PASS" line is at the bottom of the table, directly above the "PASS LINE". The "DON'T PASS ODDS" is near the left center of the table. The "DON'T COME" is near the left top of the table. The "DON'T COME" point numbers are in the lower box of the two boxes above the point numbers. The "DON'T COME ODDS" are in the upper box of the two boxes above the point numbers. Part 6: Place Bets The "PLACE" bets are the boxes in which the point numbers reside. * Place a $20 bet on the 4 "PLACE" bet, but don't book it. Note that the odds pay at 9 to 5 and that the bet will pay $36. Part 7: Buy Bets * Click on the "BUY" Bet Control Gadget. Note the message on the Buy Bet Requester. A $1 (5% of the "PLACE" bet) charge will buy you the natural odds of 2 to 1 on the 4. * Click on Do It and book the bet. The payoff is now $40. Note: You must place chips on the "PLACE" bet before attempting to "BUY" the natural odds. Part 8: C & E Bet * Place a $5 bet on the "C & E (Craps & Eleven) near the bottom left of the center table bets and book it. Note that bets have now been automatically placed on the "ELEVEN" and "ANY CRAPS" bets. Since the bet was evenly placed between these two ($2 each), $1 was returned to you as change. Regardless of your table minimum bet, a "C&E" bet can never be less than $2. Part 8: The Horn Bet * Place a $5 bet on the "HORN" bet which is located near the right bottom of the table's center bet section and book it. This bet will place one-fourth of the total bet in each of the following bets: "TWO", "THREE", "ELEVEN", and "TWELVE". Any remainder will be returned to you after the division by four. Again, regardless of any table minimum established, the absolute minimum for the "HORN" bet is $4. Part 9: The Other Bets The other bets on the table work as you would expect them. The Hard Ways bets win when the "hard" numbers are rolled and lose on the "easy" numbers and 7. The 2,3,11,12 bets are decided on the next roll along with the "FIELD" bet. Seven wins when the next number rolled is 7 and loses on all other numbers. Any Craps wins on a 2,3,12, and loses on all other numbers. A general note on all bets: In many casinos, as you win certain bets, the dealers will leave your original bet on the table in hopes that you'll "let it ride". This game always returns your bet to you. Part 10: FlashBets The second pull-down menu, "FlashBet", allows you to quickly deter- mine where all your bets are on the table. Simply pull the menu down to your name and release the right menu button of the mouse. All of your bets will flash a few times, enabling you to quickly determine their locations. Part 11: Help Screens The fourth pull-down menu, Help, allows you to obtain statistical information regarding the probabilities of any number to be rolled (or any bet to win or lose). Please remember that probabilities are simply mathematical estimates, and that the number 12 could very well be rolled 10 times in a row (though the odds against this occurring would be staggeringly high). Some successful gamblers utilize probabilities in order to determine when to bet on a particular number (or bet). The HELP screens are included in order for the player to review the roll history and ascertain how it affected the success of his strategy. Also, a player could utilize the screens in order to determine, probability-wise, when it might be a good time to place a particular bet. * Pull down the "Help" menu to the "Assistant" item to "Bets". This screen indicates, pictorially, the best three bets (in order of best to third best) to make under the following parameters: "Solid Bets"...These bets have nothing to do with the calculated probabilities and are simply the most solid bets that the player has yet to make. They represent what the computer feels to be quality bets based on the house edge. "Hot Probs"...These are the top three bets based on the probabilities of the winning numbers being rolled on the next throw of the dice. "Cold Probs"...These are included to illustrate the worst (from worst to third worst) bets which could be made, probability-wise. * Click on the "Return" gadget. * Pull down the "Assistant" and "Tip" menu. This screen simply lists notably strong or weak bets or numbers. Once the probabilities rise below or above arbitrary thresholds, they appear on this screen. Note the four ranges: "Very Strong", "Strong", "Weak", and "Very Weak". * Click over the "Return" gadget. * Pull down the "Probabilities" menu. This screen supplies useful details regarding the roll history and probabilities based on both the history and the natural probabilities of the numbers rolled. The fields on this screen are: "Total Rolls"...The total number of rolls since the beginning of the game. "Number"...Each number which can be rolled, from 2 through 12. "Actual Tms. Up"...Or, the number of times each number was actually rolled. "Prob. Tms. Up"...Or, the quantity of times each number should have been rolled (probability-wise) based on the total number of rolls. "Variance Act/Prob"...The difference between the actual times up for each number vs. the probability times up. This number allows you to tell at a glance how closely a number is varying from probability. "Since Last"...The number of times since that number has been rolled. This field allows you quickly determine that a number hasn't been rolled for a while. "Prob. Again"...This indicates in how many rolls that number should be rolled again (probability-wise). "Prob. Next"...A probability-based prediction on the chances of a particular number being rolled on the next throw of the dice relative to the other numbers. This field summarizes the screen's predictions and is loosely based on an odds percentage. The Strategy Editor Las Vegas Craps is unique among computerized craps games in that it incorporates a powerful strategy editor which allows the user to pre-test his strategies before committing them to the craps table. After the strategies are created, the player can save them to disk, edit them, view them in whole, auto-play them for any number of rolls (up to 9999), or play up to four of them simultaneously. Obviously, this feature delimits Las Vegas Craps as simply a game for amusement purposes only and renders it as a powerful tool for the serious as well as casual craps player. Simply put, Las Vegas Craps defines a strategy (or strat) as a series of bets to be made on a single roll based on user-defined conditions. These parameters can consist of the game status (Comeout, Pass, or All Bets), the game Point, number probabilities (either high or low), or even upon the amount of cash the player has in reserve. All of the strat functions are located under the "Strategy" menu. To give you a preview, we'll demonstrate an auto-play sequence of a previously-created strat: * Load up the game, enter your name as Player 1, stakes of $300, MinBet as $2, and Free Odds as 2. Click on "Play". * Pull down the "Strategy" menu and the "Open" menu item. A disk requester should open indicating the strats available on the program disk within the "strats" directory. * Click over the first strat listed then click over "O'K". The first strat is now loaded into memory as resident strat number one. This corresponds to Player 1 when auto-played. * Select "Roll" and "No Gfx" from the "Strategy" menu. The main game requester should pop up waiting for game parameter input. We'll use the parameters previously entered. * Simply click over "Play". The rolls requester will pop up asking you to enter the number of dice rolls. * Enter 100 and click over "O'K". The computer is now in auto-play mode with no graphics. Note the countdown of rolls on the top left. Things will be moving very quickly as the computer automatically places the bets, rolls the dice and calculates the wins, losses, and cash status. You may interrupt execution by clicking the right mouse button. If you do, the main requester will come up. Click over "Play" to return to the table screen. If you waited for the rolls to count down to 0, you may now see how the strat performed over 100 typical rolls. If the losses were great, either the strat wasn't a very good one or the numbers worked against it (even a great strat can die when the numbers aren't going for it). You may wish to view the Probabilities screen on the "Help" menu to see how the numbers shook out. * To clean up, we'll remove the strat from memory. Choose "Close" from the "Strategy" menu. Click on the single open strat. Click over "O'K". The strat is now removed from the system and four others may now be opened. Part 1: Creating a Strat * Assuming you're at the table screen, select "Create" from the "Strategy" menu. The Strat Editor should have popped up and you may now create a new strat. Assume we wish to first place a "Field" bet on every roll. * Click over the "All" gadget. This means the bet will be placed on all rolls, regardless of the game status. * Click over the "Set" gadget near the bottom. That should have brought you back to the table screen. You may now select your bet of choice and place chips on it. * Click over the left "Field". (Note: When creating a strategy, Player 1 is the assumed player, so all bets must be made on the left side of the table.) * Click twice over the $5 chips to place a $10 bet. Click over "Bet" or simply click the right mouse button. If everything went well, you're back to the Strat Editor and ready to place Bet #2. You may place up to 30 bets within a single strategy. We will now check to see that Bet #1 was entered correctly. * Click over the "down" part of the arrow near the bottom center of the editor. You are now viewing Bet #1. If the bet was executed correctly, it should indicate: "Bet #"...The current bet number of the strat. Should be #1. "Strategy Name"...Should be "New", as we've not yet named it. "Bet $"...Should be $10. "Resident Strategy #"...Should be #1 of four possible open strats (assuming you closed the preview strat). "Bet Type"...Should be "Field". "Roll Type"...Should be "AllBets". "If Point", "If Prob" and "If Cash" should all be zero. * If there's a problem, you may edit Bet #1 at this time. When ready, click on the "up" arrow to move to Bet #2. * Click over the "ComeOut" (the default) gadget,click the "Set" gadget, place a Pass Line bet for $10 and click over "Bet" to return to the Strat Editor. You may click the down arrow if you wish to check your work. * Make certain you're on Bet #3. Click over the "Pas" (for "Pass") gadget, click the "Set" gadget, and click over the appropriate Odds bet below the Pass Line bet from Bet #2. A message will pop up indicating that the bet was placed at maximum odds. On all odds bets, the computer will always place the maximum bet allowed for you. Obviously, there is no way the system could allow you to enter a $ amount for an odds bet since the Point is determined at game time and an arbitrary odds bet would likely be incorrect. Also, the max odds bet encourages intelligent play. * You may check Bet #3 or move on to Bet #4. We will now demonstrate the "OnCash" conditional bet. Click over "All". Click over "OnCash". A requester will pop up asking you to enter a $ amount. Enter $500 and click over "O'K". Now click on "Set", select the "Any Craps" bet, place a $5 bet on it, and return to the Strat Editor by clicking over "Bet". What you have just done was to place the Any Craps bet on the condition that your cash amount is at least $500. This condition is useful if you wish to place an (ahem) "sucker" bet, but only if you have plenty of cash available to burn. * We will now demonstrate the "OnPoint" conditional bet. Click over "Pas". Click over "OnPoint". You will notice that several of the numbers lining the bottom of the editor have become outlined. These are the possible point numbers. Click over the 4. Now click over "Set". Select the Place 4 bet, place a $10 bet (sorry, no Buy Bets with strats), and click on "Bet" to return. The result of the previous action is that the Place 4 bet will only be made when the game point is 4. This allows you to structure certain bets around the point. * We will now place Bet #6 to demonstrate the use of the "OnProb" conditional bet. Click on the "All" gadget. Click over the "Hi" gadget directly below the "OnProb" gadget. This means we want the number to be strong, probability-wise. Click over the "OnProb" gadget. This time, all of the numbers on the bottom row of the editor will become highlighted. Click on the 12. Click on "Set", select the "12" bet for $5, and click on "Bet" to return. What we've just done is told the computer to always bet $5 on the "12" if the probabilities are high that 12 will be rolled on the next throw of the dice. This is handy if you wish to test the veracity of using probabilities in your betting. You could've also used the "Low" setting to place a bet based on a number's low probability factor; i.e. place the Hard Ways if the 7 is low. As you can see, many variations of bets can be made. Each bet may have no conditions, one condition, or a mixture of all of them. Creating a strategy also implies a fair understanding of the game. For instance, placing a Pass Line bet on a "Pass" condition would never allow the bet to be placed; or placing Come Odds bets without placing Come bets would never allow those bets to be placed. A Note on Come Odds Bets: Since you'll never know which number a Come bet could land on, if you wish to make Come Odds bets, you must bet the Come Odds for every number (with six separate bets). Of course, they will be placed for the maximum amount, as are all odds bets. * To finish up,click over the "EndBets" gadget. A requester will pop up asking you to enter a name for the strat. I suggest using a descriptive name, such as "pasfield" which would indicate Pass Line and Field bets. Click over "O'K" to exit the editor. Click over "Play" on the main requester. Part 2: Viewing A Strat Las Vegas Craps offers a simple way to view an entire strat without clicking through each bet on the Strat Editor. * Pull down the "View" item from the "Strategy" menu and select it. A requester will pop up asking to select an open strat. Click over the name of the strat you've just created and click over "O'K". A screen will display each bet from your strat in bet order. Click on the "More" and "Prev" gadgets to flip ahead or back a page, since only 10 bets are shown on each. The screen shows all pertinent information about the strat bets: the bet name, amount, type (A=All, C=Comeout, P=Pass), OnPoint number, OnProb number (L=Low, H=High) and the OnCash amount. * Click over "Return" to return to the table screen. Part 3: Saving A Strat To save a newly-created strat to disk: * Pull down the "Save" item from the "Strategy" menu. When the requester pops up, click over our new strat. Note: If you have "strat" directories on both drive 0 and drive 1, you may select the appropriate drive on which to save the strat. Click over "O'K" to save the strat to disk. Remember that you may save only resident strats. Part 4: Opening A Strat from Disk * To open a strat, pull down the "Open" item from the "Strategy" menu. A disk requester will open showing the available strats on the direc- tory listed under "drawer". If you have a strats directory on disks in both drives, select the appropriate drive gadget. Pull the slider up or down to reveal more strats than can fit on the requester. Remember that only four strats may be open at any one time. Part 5: Closing A Strat * To close a resident, or open strat, simply pull down the "Close" item from the "Strategy" menu. Once the file requester opens, simply click over the strat name you wish to close. Click over "O'K" to remove it from memory. Warning: Once a strat is closed, you cannot retrieve it. Make sure you first save a strat if you plan to use it later. Part 6: Deleting A Strat from Disk * To delete a strat from your "strats" directory pull down the "Delete" item from the "Strategy" menu. When the disk requester pops up, select the strat you wish to delete and click over "O'K". Warning: Once a strat has been deleted from disk, it may no longer be retrieved. Part 7: Auto-Playing Strats Auto Play is available in two modes: On Gfx and No Gfx. If you wish to view the roll of the dice and the stick moving your money around, use the "On Gfx" menu item of the "Roll" item. This mode is useful when wishing to see the details of each individual roll or if you want to see if the strat is behaving as planned. The penalty here is speed. Use the "No Gfx" mode to inhibit dice rolls and stick movements. This mode offers extremely high speed but makes it difficult to view the results of individual rolls. To use the Auto Play function, you must first see that at least one strat is resident (or "open"). See the "Create" and "Open" explanations above. If at least one strat is open, the main game requester will then open. At this time, you may alter any of the game parameters such as stakes, MinBet, Free Odds, etc, (or you may use the parameters you inputted when entering the program). The Players' names fields will hold the strats' names in the order in which they were opened. * In summary, to auto play a strat(s), pull down the "Roll" item from the "Strategy" menu and select either "No Gfx" or "On Gfx". When the main game requester opens, make alterations, if any. Click over "Play". When the "rolls" requester opens, enter the number of rolls which you wish executed (1-9999). Click on "O'K" to start. You may abort during the Auto Play by clicking the right mouse button, but the game will take you to the main requester without allowing you to see the results of the game. Part 8: Strategy Restrictions & Hints The maximum number of Auto Rolls is 9999. The maximum number of resident (or "open") strats is 4. The maximum number of strats which may be saved onto disk is limited to your disk space. It is recommended that you store your strats on a "copy" of Las Vegas Craps, and write-protect your original disk. You may also wish to have a separate disk exclusively for strats. To make a "strats" disk, first format a disk (See your Amiga operating manual for instructions on disk formatting.) Then, with a Workbench disk in drive 0 and your strats disk in drive 1 (and an open CLI), type (at the CLI prompt) 'makedir df1:strats'. This will create a "strats" directory on your new disk. After the game is fully loaded, you may remove your program disk and replace it with your "strats" disk. A few strats have been included with your program disk. As mentioned previously, you may not place a $ bet on an odds bet. They will always be placed at the maximum allowable bet (based on the free odds multiple). You may wish to avoid selecting a high multiple (max is 10 times) during strat Auto-Play, as the odds bets may be higher than you would like. Bets not available with strats: Horn Bet...To get around this, simply have a separate bet for the 2, 3, 11 and 12. C&E Bet...To get around this, simply have a separate bet for the 11 and Any Craps. Buy Bet...Sorry, it can't be done. Rules of Play This section attempts to only present a very simplified version of the rules of casino craps. There are some very good books available on the game which go into much greater detail; these should be available from your local library, often within books written about casino games in general. Nonetheless, this section should be suitable enough to get most beginners started. It must be emphasized here that not all tables subscribe to exactly the same rules or subtleties of craps. Versions of the game vary from state to state, city to city, casino to casino, and even table to table within a casino. Still, the basics of the game are fairly general, and typically, the only variances usually relate to small differences in odds, or subtleties in which bets are paid. Be forewarned: Learn the rules of a table before laying bets down. The responsibility for learning the rules of any casino game ultimately lies with the player, and in no way should Las Vegas Craps be used as your only reference to the game of Craps. The Environment Craps is typically played on a large table which can accomodate up to 20 or so players. Four casino employees usually man the table: The stickman stands near the bottom of the table (on the Las Vegas Craps screen), the boxman usually sits opposite him on the other side of the table, and the two dealers usually to either side of the stickman (to handle individual players' bets). The stickman usually handles the dice and passes them on to the appropriate players. The boxman is what you might call the "banker"; he guards the chips and makes change, and he also supervises the actions of the dealers. The dealers handle the individual bets on the table. New Game At the beginning of a new game, the stickman will offer the dice to the player to the left of the boxman. This player is the designated "shooter". The shooter must place either a Pass Line bet or a Don't Pass Line bet (this restriction does not apply in Las Vegas Craps). That player may also choose to pass the roll to the next player (again, non-applicable to this game). Before the shooter rolls the dice, all bettors at the table may place their bets. The first roll of the shoot is called the COMEOUT roll. All players who've placed bets on the Pass Line are called "right" bettors, and players who've placed bets on the Don't Pass Line are called "wrong" bettors. The COMEOUT ROLL After all players have placed their initial bets, the shooter rolls the dice. The combination of the numbers rolled determines the first number. On the COMEOUT, Pass Line bettors win if the number is 7 or 11 (natural); they lose if the number is 2, 3, or 12 (craps). Alternatively, Don't Pass Line bettors win if the numbers 2 or 3 are rolled on the COMEOUT and lose on 7 or 11 (12 is a "tie" and their bet will be returned to them). When either 7,11,2,3 or 12 are rolled on the COMEOUT, the status for the next roll will again be COMEOUT, as the shoot will begin again (and the same shooter will roll the dice). The Point When a number other than 7,11,2,3 or 12 is rolled on the COMEOUT, that number will become the Point (can be either a 4,5,6,8,9 or 10). At this point, the COMEOUT roll ends. The shoot continues until the shooter rolls either the Point number (and we have a new COMEOUT roll with the same shooter) or a 7 (and the roll passes to the next player to his left). (This status is known as PASS in our game.) If the shooter eventually throws the Point number before rolling a 7, he will make his "point" and all Pass Line bettors will win their bet and Don't Pass bettors will lose. If the shooter rolls a 7 first, the Pass Line bettors will lose and the Don't Pass Line bettors will win (this is known as the shooter "seven'ing out", and is typically a sour note to most of the players...except those betting the "Don'ts"). The sequence of play written up to this point denotes the basic play of the game, and many bettors seem to never learn the rules past this stage (though just betting on the Pass or Don't Pass constitute fairly good bets). The bets mentioned in the following sections are typically variations of the previous bets or one-shot (determined by the next roll) bets. To sum up: COMEOUT Roll: Pass Line wins on 7 or 11 and loses on 2,3, or 12. Don't Pass Line wins on 2 or 3 and loses on 7 or 11 (12 is a tie). After the Point is established (PASS): Pass Line wins if the Point is rolled before a 7 and loses if the 7 is rolled first. Don't Pass Line wins if the 7 is rolled before the Point and loses if the Point is rolled first. Restrictions: Both bets can only be made before the COMEOUT roll. Understanding the Odds Understanding how the odds for the numbers being rolled is tantamount to playing this game intelligently, as the best bet to place on the craps table is an odds bet. Briefly, the number 7 has the statistically greater chances of being rolled over any other number because of the high number of combinations of the dice which will add to produce a 7; i.e. 6 and 1, 1 and 6, 5 and 2, 2 and 5, 3 and 4, 4 and 3, or 6 possible combinations. Similarly, a 4 can only be rolled with 3 possible combinations of the dice; i.e. 3 and 1, 1 and 3, 2 and 2, 2 and 2. It should follow, then, that the 7 should come up (probability-wise) twice as many times as should the 4. The correct odds, then, should be 6 to 3, or 2 to 1. You should figure these out on your own, but the breakdown is: 2 and 12: 6 to 1. 11 and 3: 3 to 1. 4 and 10: 2 to 1. 5 and 9 : 3 to 2. 6 and 8 : 6 to 5. And these are the odds which the casino will pay when these Point numbers are thrown...but not on the Pass Line. As previously noted, 2,3,7,11 or 12 can never be the Point, so we need only concern ourselves with the 4,10,5,9,6 or 8. Placing an Odds Bet As soon as a Point becomes established , Pass Line and Don't Pass Line bettors may place an odds bet, clearly the best bet on the craps table, as it pays at the natural odds of the Point number. As far as I know, this is the only casino bet which doesn't have a built-in edge for the house (with the exception of talented card-counting Blackjack players). The Pass Line and Don't Pass Line bets always pay at even odds, so the house will always have an established 1.4% edge on these bets, but the Odds bets pay the natural odds. Therefore, a $2 Odds bet on the Point of 4 would pay the bettor $4 (or 2 to 1). Casinos, being in the business of making money, would rather not make this the most obvious bet on the table. This is why the bet usually isn't even specified anywhere on the craps table. Typically, for the Pass Line Odds bet, the bet is usually located in the blank area directly behind the Pass Line Bet. On the Don't Pass, the bet is usually located on the area just to the side of it (on Las Vegas Craps, the Don't Pass Odds is located on the left-center and right-center sides of the table). Logic would dictate that the casinos would regulate the maximum odds bet which a player could make. Obviously, if a house allowed a player to place a $1 bet on the Pass Line and then a $100 bet on the Odds bet behind it, the casino wouldn't stay profitable for any long period of time. Therefore, most casinos do limit the amount of this bet, and it's usually related to the amount of the bet on the Pass or Don't Pass Line (the Free Odds multiple). Single odds dictate that the odds bet can never be more than the Pass Line or Don't Pass Line bets (though most houses will make certain accomodations, such as allowing a player to exceed the Pass Line bet so as to receive full odds payments on the Odds bet); i.e. If you bet $2 on the Pass Line and the 6 becomes the established Point (which pays at 6 to 5), most houses will allow you to bet up to $5 on the Odds bet in order to glean the advantage of receiving the natural odds (a payoff of $6). Double odds allows you to bet up to twice the Pass Line bet. To sum up: Pass Line Odds wins if the Point number comes up before the 7 and pays at the natural odds of the Point number. Don't Pass Odds wins if the 7 appears before the Point and pays at the reciprocal of the natural odds of the number. Restrictions: A Pass Line bet must have been placed before a Pass Line Odds bet can be made, and its amount is limited by the Free Odds multiple allowed. A Don't Pass Line bet must have been placed before a Don't Pass Odds bet can be made, and it is also limited by the Free Odds multiple. Other factors: These bets can be made at any time as long as their respective Pass or Don't Pass bets are in force. The bets can be removed by the players at any time. (The casino would be more than happy to see you do this.) One final note: Intelligent strategy dictates that you place your largest bets on the Odds relative to other bets on the table, as they offer you a 50-50 chance against the casino. A Note on "Wrong" Betting By "wrong" betting, I do mean the "Don't Pass" and "Don't Pass Odds" bets. As previously mentioned, a "wrong" bettor is one who bets against the shooter and with the house (except on the COMEOUT roll when the 12 is rolled, which is a "tie" with the house). On a Point of 5, "right" bettors would bet $2 to win $3 (3 to 2 odds), but wrong bettors would bet $3 to win $2. This is known as "laying" the odds. The same allowances for "wrong" as well as "right" bettors are provided in order for bettors to take advantage of the full odds available on a number. It is always to the bettor's advantage to place the maximum odds bet allowable, but calculat- ing this amount can be a bit complex (especially for "wrong" bettors). Though Las Vegas Craps calculates this amount for you, it is advised that players attempt to calculate it on their own if they plan to play on a real table (players around a craps table must think quickly on their feet). Come and Don't Come Bets The "come" bets are merely sub-bets of the main shoot. These bets allow a player to place Pass and Don't pass, and Pass Odds and Don't Pass Odds bets after the Point has been established. In other words, after the Point has been established, a player may place a Come or Don't Come bet as if it were a new COMEOUT roll. Example: At the COMEOUT, you place a PASS LINE bet. A 6 is thrown on the next roll. The Point is now 6. You now place a COME bet. The next roll is a 5. The dealer will move your COME bet directly below the 5 PLACE bet near the top of the table. At this point, you may make an ODDS bet behind this bet (in the box below it). Had a 7 or 11 been rolled after the COME bet, you would have won the bet at even odds. Had a craps number been rolled, you would have lost the bet. But since a number other than these came up, that number became your "Point" for the COME bet. You may continue to make more COME bets as the shoot continues, but remember that all of your COME and COME ODDS bets will be lost at the toss of a 7 (or won when any of your "Points" come up). Alternatively, the DON'T COME and DON'T COME ODDS work exactly like DON'T PASS and DON'T PASS ODDS bets, allowing you to make the bets during the "shoot". Unlike the COME and COME ODDS bets, DON'T COME bets win on a 2 or 3 (12 is a tie) and lose on a 7 or 11 ...on the next roll. If a DON'T COME "Point" is rolled, the bet gets moved to the box above the "PLACE" bet number and DON'T COME ODDS bets may be placed in the box above it. If a 7 is ultimately rolled before any of the DON'T COME points,the bettor will win all of his DON'T COME and DON'T COME ODDS bets. If one of the DON'T COME points is rolled before the 7, the DON'T COME and DON'T COME ODDS bet on that point will be lost. To summarize: On the roll after placing a COME or DON'T COME bet: COME bettors win on a 7 or 11 and lose on a 2, 3, or 12. DON'T COME bettors win on a 2 or 3 (12 is a tie) and lose on a 7 or 11. If a POINT number is thrown on the roll after placing a COME or DON'T COME: COME bets move to the box under the "PLACE" number thrown on that roll. COME bettors may then back up that bet with a COME ODDS bet. DON'T COME bets, upon the roll of a "point" number will move to the box directly above the "PLACE" number on the table. That bet can then be backed up with a DON'T COME ODDS bet in the box directly above it. Restrictions: COME and DON'T COME bets may not be made on the COMEOUT roll. A game Point must have already been established. COME ODDS or DON'T COME ODDS bets can only be made after a COME or DON'T COME bet has been established on a point number. Place Bets PLACE bets can be made at any time during the game by any player. A PLACE bet on a number wins if that number is rolled before a 7 and loses if the 7 is rolled before the number. The odds payed are slightly worse than the natural odds of those numbers being rolled (ODDS bets are preferable to PLACE bets). Buy Bets A BUY bet is nothing more than a PLACE bet which pays the exact natural odds of the number bet upon. But, for the privilege of placing a BUY bet, the player must pay a 5% fee. In Las Vegas Craps the minimum fee is $1 and always rounds up to the next highest $. Big 6 and Big 8 BIG 6 and BIG 8 are nothing more than PLACE bets on the 6 and 8, respectively, except the payoff is at even odds. Need I say more? Hard Ways HARD WAYS bets win when that number comes up: Before the 7 is rolled; and before the "soft" combination of the dice for that number is rolled; i.e. A HARD 4 wins when the 2 and the 2 are rolled and loses when the 3 and 1 or 1 and 3 are rolled. The HARD 10 wins when the 5 and 5 are rolled and loses when the 7 and 3, etc. are rolled. These bets also lose if the 7 is rolled. One-Shot Bets The following bets are determined by the next roll of the dice: FIELD wins on 2,3,4,9,10,11,12. The bet pays even odds except for 2 and 12, which sometimes pay double or triple (triple in Las Vegas Craps). ANY CRAPS wins on a 2,3, or 12 and loses on all other numbers. ANY SEVEN or "SEVEN" wins when the next number rolled is a 7 and loses when any other number is rolled. The '2','3','11' or '12' bets win when these numbers are rolled, respectively, and lose when any other number is rolled. The C&E (or Craps & Eleven) is a dual bet of ANY CRAPS and '11'. The HORN bet is a combo bet of the '2','3','11' and '12' Bets.